By A.C. Thompson, ProPublica
The U.S. Department of Justice released a 158-page report last week on the New Orleans Police Department, identifying a host of deep
systemic problems, including a pattern of discriminatory policing, the
routine use of "unnecessary and unreasonable" force, and a chronic
failure to discipline officers involved in misconduct.

The NOPD "has been largely indifferent to widespread violations of law
and policy by its officers," states the report, which was compiled by
the Justice Department's Civil Rights section.

The report also suggests that NOPD officials may have sought to cover up
evidence in incidents in which police shot civilians. "NOPD's
mishandling of officer-involved shooting investigations was so blatant
and egregious that it appeared intentional in some respects," the report
says.

As ProPublica has reported, federal prosecutors have built a string of criminal cases against 20 current or former officers over the last three years. In December, one former cop and two members of the force were convicted in connection with the murder of a man and incineration of his body in the days after Hurricane Katrina.

But last week's report describes a department with deep-rooted, comprehensive flaws that extend far beyond a small number of cops.

Now the effort to transform the police department will likely wind up in
the hands of a federal judge. At a press conference last Thursday, Thomas
Perez, the assistant attorney general for the Civil Rights Division,
signaled his intent to seek a consent decree, a move that would place
the police force under the supervision of a court.

Police chief Ronal Serpas said he was steering the police force in
that direction as well. "When we finish this process with the Department
of Justice, there will be oversight by a court," said Serpas, who took
the helm last spring and has implemented a series of reforms.

Interestingly, the NOPD was in a similar position in the mid-1990s, when
a string of crimes by police officers -- including murders -- prompted
the Justice Department to consider imposing federal oversight. At that
juncture, however, the agency decided not to seek a consent decree,
allowing Police Chief Richard Pennington to overhaul the NOPD's training
and disciplinary systems without the involvement of a judge.

Clearly, the improvements initiated by Pennington -- who left the police
force after losing a bid to become mayor of New Orleans in 2002 --
didn't stick.

In an interview last year, we asked Perez, who grappled with the NOPD's
problems while working for the Justice Department during the '90s, what
lessons he'd drawn from that experience.

"There was nothing that was ever memorialized in writing. There was no
accountability tool," said Perez in the interview, which was conducted
for Law & Disorder,
a documentary produced by ProPublica, PBS "Frontline," and the New
Orleans Times-Picayune. "Hindsight is 20/20 and the fact of the matter
is the reforms were not sustained and that is why we're working in a
much different way this time around."